Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) – Overview
Venous thromboembolism refers to the formation of blood clots within the venous system. It includes two major conditions:
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) – a clot develops in deep veins, typically in the legs.
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) – a clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs, blocking pulmonary arteries.
VTE is considered a serious and potentially life-threatening disorder requiring timely diagnosis and treatment.
Causes and Risk Factors
Major Risk Factors
Prolonged immobility (long flights, bed rest, hospitalization)
Surgery, especially orthopedic procedures
Trauma or fractures
Active cancer
Pregnancy and postpartum period
Hormonal therapy (birth control pills, hormone replacement)
Obesity
Smoking
Older age
Genetic clotting disorders (e.g., Factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation)
Symptoms
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Swelling of the leg or arm
Pain or tenderness, especially in the calf or thigh
Warmth or redness of the affected area
Prominent superficial veins
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Sudden shortness of breath
Chest pain, especially when breathing in
Rapid heartbeat
Cough (may include blood-streaked sputum)
Lightheadedness or fainting